What does HMGCR stand for?

HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, official symbol HMGCR) is the rate-controlling enzyme (NADH-dependent, EC 1.1.

What is the role of HMG-CoA reductase?

Function. HMG-CoA Reductase (or 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase or HMGR) is the rate-controlling enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, responsible for cholesterol and other isoprenoid biosynthesis. HMGR is a transmembrane protein, containing 8 domains, that is anchored in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum …

What is HMGCR antibody?

Antibodies against HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) are associated with necrotizing autoimmune-myopathy and can be detected in about 25% of these patients. Antibodies against HMGCR are associated with elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK) in blood.

What is HMGCR myositis?

Anti-HMGCR associated autoimmune myositis is an exceptionally rare disease marked by severe muscle weakness that is thought to be caused by an over-active immune response directed against muscle. In most patients, development of this disease follows exposure to statins for the treatment of high cholesterol.

What is the action of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?

What Are HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors and How Do They Work? β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, more popularly known as statins, work by reducing the cholesterol levels in the body. HMG-CoA inhibitors interfere with the ability of the body to build cholesterol from dietary fat.

What causes necrotising myositis?

Statin use, cancer, and connective tissue disorder are the usual associated risk factors. Anti-signal recognition particle and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase are the 2 most common autoantibodies associated with necrotizing autoimmune myopathy.

What is the mechanism of action of the enzyme HMGCR?

HMGCR catalyses the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid, a necessary step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol: Normally in mammalian cells this enzyme is competitively suppressed by cholesterol derived from the internalization and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) via the LDL receptor as well as oxidized species of cholesterol.

What is the molecular mass of HMGCR?

Protein attributes for HMGCR Gene Size: 888 amino acids. Molecular mass: 97476 Da. Quaternary structure: Homodimer. Interacts (via its SSD) with INSIG1; the interaction, accelerated by sterols, leads to the recruitment of HMGCR to AMFR/gp78 for its ubiquitination by the sterol-mediated ERAD pathway.

What is the role of HMG CoA reductase in atherosclerosis?

HMG-CoA reductase. Competitive inhibitors of the reductase induce the expression of LDL receptors in the liver, which in turn increases the catabolism of plasma LDL and lowers the plasma concentration of cholesterol, which is considered, by those who accept the standard lipid hypothesis, an important determinant of atherosclerosis.

How do hormones affect the activity of HMG-CoA reductase?

Hormones. HMG-CoA reductase is active when blood glucose is high. The basic functions of insulin and glucagon are to maintain glucose homeostasis. Thus, in controlling blood sugar levels, they indirectly affect the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, but a decrease in activity of the enzyme is caused by AMP-activated protein kinase,…