Which of the following is the causative agent of Black grain mycetoma?

New species of Madurella, causative agents of black-grain mycetoma.

What are the types of mycetoma?

Mycetoma
Symptoms	Triad: painless firm skin lump, multiple weeping sinuses, grainy discharge
Usual onset	Slowly progressive
Types	Actinomycetoma (bacterial) Eumycetoma (fungal)
Diagnostic method	Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration

What is Madura disease?

Mycetoma. Mycetoma, also called Madura foot, is a chronic granulomatous infection of the subcutaneous tissues along with invasion of the fascia, muscles, and bone, and when an extremity is involved, enlargement of the affected area.

Is mycetoma a fungi?

Mycetoma is a chronic infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by fungi (eumycetoma) and bacteria (actinomycetoma). Although the term “mycetoma” means a “fungal tumor,” bacteria are the most common causes of this infection.

What are the mycetoma agents?

The etiologic agents of mycetoma are aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (actinomycetoma) and fungi (eumycetoma). In the tissue, these organisms are found in compact aggregates of filamentous bacterial colonies or fungal hyphae, which will characterize the grains.

What is the most common bacterial cause of mycetoma?

Mycetoma may be caused by filamentous bacteria (actinomycotic mycetoma or actinomycetoma) or fungi (eumycotic mycetoma or eumycetoma). The most common bacterial causes are Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadurae madurae, Streptomyces somaliensis, and Actinomadura pelletieria.

What is mycetoma of the lung?

A pulmonary mycetoma is a round to oval-shaped mass of fungi situated within a cavity in the lung. Most mycetomas are caused byAspergillusspecies. Other fungi have occasionally been reported to cause clinically and roentgenographically similar lesions.

Is nocardia a mycetoma agent?

More than 56 different species of fungi and bacteria have been reported to cause mycetoma. Nocardia species, especially Nocardia brasiliensis, is the most commonly implicated actinomycetes.

What are mycetoma agents?

What is the causative agent of aspergillosis?

Aspergillosis is an infection caused by Aspergillus, a common mold (a type of fungus) that lives indoors and outdoors. Most people breathe in Aspergillus spores every day without getting sick.

What is the causative agent of cryptococcosis?

Cryptococcosis is caused by the fungus Cyptococcus neoformans. It is spread by contact with pigeon droppings, unwashed raw fruit or by infected individuals.

What is the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis?

Valley fever, also called coccidioidomycosis, is an infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides. The fungus is known to live in the soil in the southwestern United States and parts of Mexico and Central and South America. The fungus was also recently found in south-central Washington.

What is difference between Aspergillus and Penicillium?

The main difference between Aspergillus and Penicillium is that Aspergillus contains an unseparated conidiophore whereas Penicillium contains a separated, brush-like conidiophore. Further, the conidiophore of Aspergillus is straight ending in a large vesicle while that of Penicillium is branched.

What causes Aspergillus?

The types of health problems caused by Aspergillus include allergic reactions, lung infections, and infections in other organs.

What is the causative agent of histoplasmosis?

Histoplasmosis is an infection caused by a fungus called Histoplasma. The fungus lives in the environment, particularly in soil that contains large amounts of bird or bat droppings.

Is Cryptococcus neoformans a bacteria?

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that lives in the environment throughout the world. People can become infected with C. neoformans after breathing in the microscopic fungus, although most people who are exposed to the fungus never get sick from it.

What is the difference between Rhizopus and Aspergillus?

Rhizopus colonies tend to be grayish brown and sort of fuzzy. Penicillium colonies are almost always teal with a white outline. Aspergillus colonies can range from brown to black and are usually fuzzy, like Rhizopus. All three of these genera contain several species you mentioned, for instance, Rhizopus stolonifer.

What causes mycetoma?

Mycetoma can be caused by different species of microorganisms, but almost always by bacteria or fungus. Mycetoma occurs in tropical and subtropical environments characterized by short rainy seasons and prolonged dry seasons that favour the growth of thorny bushes.

What is the drug of choice for mycetoma?

Voriconazole, with its excellent in vitro activity against S. apiospermum/P. boydii, should be the drug of choice for mycetoma against this otherwise resistant organism. How do patients contract this infection, and how do I prevent spread to other patients? Cases have been described throughout the world.

What is mycetoma of the lungs?

Mycetoma is characterized by a combination of painless ‎subcutaneous mass, multiple sinuses and discharge ‎containing grains. It usually ‎spreads to involve the skin, deep structures and bone, resulting in ‎destruction, ‎deformity and loss of function, which may be fatal.

What are the symptoms of bacterial and fungal mycetoma?

Symptoms are similar for bacterial and fungal mycetoma. Both appear as firm, painless masses under the skin. These masses usually appear on a person’s foot but can form anywhere on the body. The mycetoma masses start small, but over time they can grow larger, develop oozing sores, and cause the affected limb to become deformed or unusable.